Cats are masters at hiding illness, and because changes in their normal behavior are usually the first signs of sickness, cat owners should know what to look for and when to contact our office for a complete examination and evaluation. Here are 12 signs your cat may be very ill and should see a vet.
01
Litter Box Usage
Urinating or defecating outside the litter box, straining during elimination, or frequent attempts to use the box can indicate urinary tract issues or other problems. This is frequently a sign of an underlying medical condition caused by a lower urinary tract disease, kidney disease, diabetes mellitus or a blockage. It may also be a sign of arthritis. Signs to look for include straining in the litter box, crying when urinating or frequent attempts to urinate.
02
Hiding or Withdrawal
If your cat is spending more time in secluded areas and avoiding interaction, this could be a sign of illness. Cats are social animals and enjoy interactions with their human family and often with other pets. Changes in how your cat interacts with you may signal problems such as disease, fear and anxiety. It may also signal your cat is in pain which can cause aggression.
03
Changes in Play Behavior
A sudden loss of interest in toys or play activities could indicate pain or discomfort that prevents them from engaging in normal behaviors.
Increased Activity
Cats afflicted with hyperthyroidism usually develop signs that may be subtle at first but that become more severe as the disease progresses. The most common clinical signs of hyperthyroidism are weight loss, increased appetite, and increased thirst and urination. Hyperthyroidism may also cause vomiting, diarrhea, and hyperactivity.
Decreased Activity
A decrease activity may be a sign of a number of conditions. As cats age there is a greater risk of arthritis. Discomfort from joint disease or another systemic illness could also lead to a decrease in activity. It’s important to understand cats usually don’t slow down just because they are old. Any changes in routine activity warrant a visit to the veterinarian.
04
Changes in Sleep Patterns
Sleeping significantly more or less than usual, or restless sleep with frequent position changes, can point towards discomfort. The average adult cat may spend 16 to 18 hours per day sleeping which is normal because much of that sleeping is catnapping. Cats should respond quickly to usual stimuli, such as someone walking into the room or cat food being prepared. If your cat is sleeping more than usual or has discomfort laying down and getting up, this may be a sign of underlying disease and warrants a visit to the veterinarian.
05
Changes in appetite
Sudden loss of interest in food, eating significantly less, or overeating compared to usual can signal illness.
Increased Appetite
Increased food consumption may be caused by diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, or other health problems.
Reduced Appetite
Reduced food intake can be a sign of a number of disorders ranging from poor dental health to cancer or kidney disease.
06
Increased thirst
Changes in water consumption may be more difficult to observe especially in cats that spend time outdoors or drink from toilets and sinks. Increased water intake can be an early indicator of thyroid problems, kidney disease, diabetes, or other problems.
07
Weight Loss or Gain
A change in weight does not necessarily correlate with a change in appetite. Cats with hyperthyroidism or diabetes mellitus can lose weight despite good appetites. Many other diseases cause both appetite and weight loss. If your cat goes to the food dish and then backs away from it without eating, nausea may be the source. On the other hand, obesity has become a serious health concern in cats, with increased risk of diabetes mellitus, joint disease and other problems. Take the cat to the veterinarian if there are unexplained changes in weight.
08
Excessive Grooming or Lack of Grooming
Typically, cats are fastidious groomers. Note whether your cat’s coat is clean and free of mats. Patches of hair loss or a greasy or matted appearance can signal an underlying disease. Also be aware if your cat has difficulty grooming. A decrease in grooming behavior can indicate a number of conditions, including fear, anxiety, obesity or other illnesses. An increase in grooming may be a sign of a skin problem.
09
Signs of Stress
Yes, your cat can be stressed despite having an “easy” life. Boredom and sudden changes are common causes of stress in cats. Stressed cats may demonstrate decreased grooming and social interaction, spend more time awake and scanning their environment, hide more, withdraw and exhibit signs of depression, and have an increased or decreased appetite. These same signs may indicate a medical condition. Unfortunately also, stress can precipitate many diseases in cats. It is important to rule out medical problems first, and then address the causes of environmental stress.
10
Increased Vocalization
Increased vocalization or howling is more common in older cats and is often seen with a underlying condition. Many cats also have increased vocalization if they are in pain or anxious. If you note a change in vocalization, schedule an appointment with your veterinarian to rule out medical problems and to obtain suggestions for minimizing or eliminating the behavior.
11
Bad Breath
Studies show 70 percent of cats have gum disease as early as age three. Since dental disease is considered a silent disease, it is important to have your cat’s teeth checked every six months to help prevent dental disease or to start treatment early. One of the early indicators of an oral problem is bad breath. Regular dental care can prevent bad breath, pain, tooth loss and spread of infection to other organs.
12
Abnormal Posture or Gait
Difficulty walking, limping or noticeable changes in how your cat carries their body could indicate joint pain or other mobility issues. Abnormal posture or gait in cats can be a sign of various health issues.
Ataxia: This is a neurological condition that causes incoordination. Cats with ataxia may have a wobbly gait, clumsy movements, or exaggerated limb movements.
Spinal Injuries: Cats with spinal injuries may exhibit a stiff, hunched posture, or hold their head in a tilted or lowered position.
Limping: Favoring one leg or limping can indicate pain or injury in that limb.
Vestibular Syndrome: This affects the inner ear and can cause balance issues, leading to a tilted head, unsteady gait, or even rolling over repeatedly.
Cerebellar Hypoplasia: A condition where the cerebellum is underdeveloped, causing jerky movements and an unsteady gait.
Arched Back: An arched back can be a sign of pain, often related to spinal issues or abdominal discomfort.
Goose-Stepping: High-stepping gait, known as hypermetria, is often seen in cerebellar ataxia.
Weakness: General weakness or difficulty standing can indicate various underlying health problems.
Head Tilt: A persistent head tilt can be a sign of vestibular disease or other neurological issues.
Twisted Body: A twisted or contorted body posture can indicate severe pain or neurological problems.